《活著》 (余華) @1993


Book Cover

前言

一位真正的作家永遠只為內心寫作,只有內心才會真實地告訴他,他的自私、他的高尚是多麼突出。內心讓他真實地瞭解自己,一旦瞭解了自己也就瞭解了世界。很多年前我就明白了這個原則,可是要捍衛這個原則必須付出艱辛的勞動和長時期的痛苦,因為內心並非時時刻刻都是敞開的,它更多的時候倒是封閉起來,於是只有寫作,不停地寫作才能使內心敞開,才能使自己置身於發現之中,就像日出的光芒照亮了黑暗,靈感這時候才會突然來到。

長期以來,我的作品都是源出於和現實的那一層緊張關係。我沉湎於想像之中,又被現實緊緊控制,我明確感受著自我的分裂,我無法使自己變得純粹,我曾經希望自己成為一位童話作家,要不就是一位實實在在作品的擁有者,如果我能夠成為這兩者中的任何一個,我想我內心的痛苦將會輕微得多,可是與此同時我的力量也會削弱很多。

事實上我只能成為現在這樣的作家,我始終為內心的需要而寫作,理智代替不了我的寫作,正因為此,我在很長一段時間是一個憤怒和冷漠的作家。

這不只是我個人面臨的困難,幾乎所有優秀的作家都處於和現實的緊張關係中,在他們筆下,只有當現實處於遙遠狀態時,他們作品中的現實才會閃閃發亮。應該看到,這過去的現實雖然充滿魅力,可它已經蒙上了一層虛幻的色彩,那裏面塞滿了個人想像和個人理解。真正的現實,也就是作家生活中的現實,是令人費解和難以相處的。

作家要表達與之朝夕相處的現實,他常常會感到難以承受,蜂擁而來的真實幾乎都在訴說著醜惡和陰險,怪就怪在這裏,為什麼醜惡的事物總是在身邊,而美好的事物卻遠在海角。換句話說,人的友愛和同情往往只是作為情緒來到,而相反的事實則是伸手便可觸及。正像一位詩人所表達的:人類無法忍受太多的真實。也有這樣的作家,一生都在解決自我和現實的緊張關係,福克納是最為成功的例子,他找到了一條溫和的途徑,他描寫中間狀態的事物,同時包容了美好與醜惡,他將美國南方的現實放到了歷史和人文精神之中,這是真正意義上的文學現實,因為它連接著過去和將來。

一些不成功的作家也在描寫現實,可他們筆下的現實說穿了只是一個環境,是固定的,死去的現實,他們看不到人是怎樣走過來的,也看不到怎樣走去。當他們在描寫斤斤計較的人物時,我們會感到作家本人也在斤斤計較,這樣的作家是在寫實在的作品,而不是現實的作品。

前面已經說過,我和現實關係緊張,說得嚴重一些,我一直是以敵對的態度看待現實。隨著時間的推移,我內心的憤怒漸漸平息,我開始意識到一位真正的作家所尋找的是真理,是一種排斥道德判斷的真理。作家的使命不是發洩,不是控訴或者揭露,他應該向人們展示高尚。這裏所說的高尚不是那種單純的美好,而是對一切事物理解之後的超然,對善與惡一視同仁,用同情的目光看待世界。

正是在這樣的心態下,我聽到了一首美國民歌《老黑奴》,歌中那位老黑奴經歷了一生的苦難,家人都先他而去,而他依然友好地對待世界,沒有一句抱怨的話。這首歌深深打動了我,我決定寫下一篇這樣的小說,就是這篇《活著》,寫人對苦難的承受能力,對世界樂觀的態度。寫作過程讓我明白,人是為活著本身而活著的,而不是為活著之外的任何事物所活著。我感到自己寫下了高尚的作品。

大綱

本書是以第一人稱、開頭倒敘、主題故事順敘手法描寫一位老人的過去。

一位在鄉間收集民謠的人,無意間被一位老農夫(即福貴)所吸引,在好奇之下老農夫把它的過去慢慢的說出。
述說了福貴的過去,如何從揮霍的富家子弟變成了農夫,在這中國動盪不安的時代,戰亂,改革、親人的分離、重逢與死別,人的改變和適應,平凡人的大喜與大悲,都在福貴的過去經歷中。

本書幾乎是用新寫實主義的白描手法來表現作品,在本書當中,讀者可以明顯感受到余華的改變。雖然他依舊不可避免的處理了大量的死亡,但是整個故事的敘述、提及死亡的方式,都近於新寫實主義的白描手法。

書中可分出人生的三起三落,敗光家產為這些事件的開始,所以不加以區分。

落:1.被砲隊抓去當兵。2.兒子死亡,白髮人送黑髮人。3.家珍死亡,牽手過世。

起:1.被抓去當兵後返家,家人團聚。2.女兒出嫁。3.有了孫子。

線上閱讀

《The Maze Runner》 【移動迷宮】 @2009


我差點把它譯作《迷宮逃者》(桃姐?)。。。

Thanks for Sarah’s recommendation…

Cover of "The Maze Runner (Maze Runner Tr...
Image via Amazon.com

作者+類別

James Dashner。這書屬於一位美國小說作家的一本科幻小說。這書還有前傳,《The Kill Order》(The Maze Runner 0.5), 將會在 August 14, 2012推出。

故事內容(From Wikipedia

Thomas (the main character) wakes up to find himself in a pitch black elevator. He can’t remember anything but his first name, everything else in his mind is empty. When the lift soon opens, he finds himself surrounded by other kids who welcome him to what they call the Glade, a large expanse surrounded by stone walls hundreds of feet high that move. The Glade is surrounded by an enormous Maze.

People called Runners have studied the Maze for two years, running around the maze each day avoiding the Grievers (machine-like animals that inject a poison into humans that can prove fatal and is life changing). Every day the Runners go into the maze and look for changes in the maze. They come back to the Glade and sketch the day’s changes.

After Thomas arrives,the next day the first girl arrives named Teresa Agnes: Teresa has a telepathic connection with Thomas and tells him that WICKED is good, and that the maze is a code, and meant to be solved. Thomas is completely scared to tell the others about their Gift, and other people, who have gone through the Changing, claim to have seen Thomas before. In an effort to bring memories back about who Thomas really is and why the Gladers are there, Thomas purposefully gets stung by one of the Grievers. During the Changing, Thomas understands why they are there. He and the girl Teresa both helped design the maze, and Thomas finally understands how to escape the Maze.

He gets all of the sketches of the maps of the Maze and stacks them over each other for each day and for each section of the Maze that day on wax paper. The maps start to spell a series of words which have to be entered into a computer through an invisible hole off the Cliff, which lies somewhere in the maze. Everyone realizes this plan and Thomas takes a group and leads their final charge against WICKED, and in the end, types the words in and pushes a button, and a door opens letting the remaining 21 Gladers through.

They all meet the Creators of the Maze. Gally, a crazy Glader who had mysteriously disappeared at one point, throws a knife at Thomas, but Thomas’s friend, Chuck, dives in front of the knife, killing himself. The remaining Gladers are soon taken by a bunch of people that come in and kill the Creators. They find out that the Earth is now a barren wasteland, burned by sun flares. A disease has spread, called The Flare, which makes people crazy, and it is easily spreadable. He set up the maze to find the smartest people to find a cure to this disease. A group of people who are completely against the idea of WICKED get Thomas and the others away from the Creators. Thomas and his group are told that they are heading across an extremely dangerous part near the equator, called the Scorch, to get to a safe haven to find the cure. Thomas and his friends are given shelter, beds, and food, and fall into a peaceful sleep. In the epilogue, the head leader of WICKED, in a couple of memos, describes how group A’s trial results went extremely well in the Maze, and that their next challenge will be to cross the Scorch. Thomas and his friends will be given one day of rest inside the second stage of the trial.

簡略翻譯版

Thomas在醒來時發現自己在一個黑暗的空間,那一瞬間,他一片空白,事後慢慢回想起自己是誰,還有一些片段,但僅止於此,剩下的他都想不起來,我只空白過短短幾分鐘,他卻失掉許多片段,而且之後也想不起來,那種不安、挫敗的心情,我懂。

他醒來後,就好像進入了另一個世界,這個世界只有跟他一樣的青少年,清一色都男的,他們活動一個空間裡,出不去也不知道為何被困在這裡,他們管這裡叫做「迷宮幽地」(The Glade)。這個空間會移動,就好像立體的移動迷宮一樣,所以這些人(他們叫自己做Runner)一直在摸索可以出去的路,儘管已經摸索了兩年。

「迷宮幽地」的少年有一套自己的語言,就好像現在的火星文一樣,什麼叫「遜客」?「啌咚」?「瞎卡頭」?一堆怪異的名詞就好像身在火星上一樣。他頭昏了,而且重點是沒有人說明一下現在是什麼情形,失憶已經不好受了,還沒人願意說明情況,是佛都有火(怒)。

不過呢,雖然一開始很挫敗,搞不清楚狀況只有濃濃的無力感,但生命自會找到出路,雖然還是很一知半解的,Thomas終於開始比較進去狀況了。這裡的男孩子們其實跟他差不多,對這裡都是一知半解的。不過這裡有規矩,是大家一起訂出來的,但許多規矩Thomas不能理解,總想要去試試看。

「迷宮幽地」的外面有移動迷宮,而男孩們之所以出不去,除了迷宮會移動外,還有『鬼火獸』(Grievers) (Machine-like animals that inject a poison into humans that can prove fatal and is life changing)。這種東西,被螫就會『轉化』,而這種過程,沒有想會想經歷,但不可思議的是,只要轉化過的人,都會說他看過Thomas,直指Thomas不是好人,至少不是他們這一邊的,這種指控讓人難受,而且聽過迷宮只有「飛毛腿」可以進去後,湯瑪士想要逃離這一切,他要知道到底發生了什麼事,還有怎麼樣才能出去,而故事就這樣展開了….

Amazon Paperback Edition

Online Edition – PDF

The Hunger Games Trilogy – Episode 3: Mockingjay @2010


The 3rd Episode – Mockingjay

Mockingjay, the third and final book, centers around Katniss and the districts’ rebellion against the Capitol. Katniss, now a refugee in District 13 and quite damaged from her experiences, is used by the rebels as a propaganda tool to unite the districts in the uprising against the Capitol and President Snow. Peeta and the others who were captured by the Capitol are rescued. Finally, a group including Katniss, Gale, and a still somewhat unstable Peeta go renegade in the Capitol on a mission to assassinate President Snow. Before Katniss can complete her objective, Prim is killed in a bombing. Later, a captive Snow tells Katniss that Coin, the president of District 13, was behind the bombing. Katniss, Peeta, and Haymitch eventually return to a ruined District 12. Katniss slowly begins to recover from her many mental scars. Katniss’ mother and Gale both take jobs in different districts. Katniss eventually comes to genuinely love Peeta, marries him, and after many years of misgivings they have children.

Paperback Edition – Amazon
這的確是一本好書,如果大家想好好收藏的話,強烈建議購買Paperback 的版本

Book cover (2009)

Text Edition – Online

PDF Edition – 無亂碼